Substrate with reflective coating including silicate or alkylsilicate network

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method for providing a reflective coating to a substrate for a light-emitting device, comprising the steps of: providing a substrate having a first surface portion with a first surface material and a second surface portion with a second surface material different from the first surface material; applying a reflective compound configured to attach to said first surface material to form a bond with the substrate in the first surface portion that is stronger than a bond between the reflective compound and the substrate in the second surface portion; curing said reflective compound to form a reflective coating having said bond between the reflective coating and the substrate in the first surface portion; and subjecting said substrate to a mechanical treatment with such an intensity as to remove said reflective coating from said second surface portion while said reflective coating remains on said first surface portion.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.14/002,202 filed Aug. 29, 2013, entitled “METHOD FOR PROVIDING AREFLECTIVE COATING TO A SUBSTRATE FOR A LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE”, which isa §371 application of International Application No. PCT/IB2012/051112filed on Mar. 9, 2012, which claims priority to European PatentApplication No. 11158839.8 filed on Mar. 18, 2011. U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/002,202, International Application No.PCT/IB2012/051112 and European Patent Application No. 11158839.8 areincorporated herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method for providing a reflectivecoating to a substrate for a light-emitting device. The presentinvention also relates to such a substrate and to a light-output devicecomprising such a substrate.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Many LED chips of today are mounted on a ceramic substrate comprisingmounting contacts and supply tracks for electrically driving the LEDchip. The LED substrate package is usually soldered or glued to aPrinted Circuit Board (PCB) for electrical connection to the contactsand supply tracks, and for thermal connection to the heat sink of alight emitting assembly. The mounting substrate is often of a highdensity polycrystalline ceramic having a relatively high thermalconductivity but relatively poor light reflectivity. A known measure forincreasing the reflectivity of the ceramic is to increase the porosityof the ceramic. However, this simultaneously reduces the thermalconductivity considerably.

An attempt to solve these problems is provided in WO 2009/075530disclosing a semiconductor package having LED-chips mounted onelectrodes, which are arranged on a substrate. On top of the substrate,and next to the electrodes is provided a reflective coating comprisingtitanium dioxide, TiO₂, and a silicone binder. In order to achieve areflective coating on top of the substrate and not on the electrodes, WO2009/075530 proposes using a mask to protect the electrodes. However,this method appears to be complicated and time consuming, since itinvolves aligning a mask with the electrodes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above-mentioned and other drawbacks of the prior art, anobject of the present invention is thus to provide an improved methodfor providing a reflective coating to a substrate for a light-emittingdevice. The reflective coating is advantageous for enhancing thelight-output of the LED package reducing light losses in the partscovered by the reflector. Also, as many light applications are prone tosend at least part of the emitted light flux back to the LED packages,an improved reflectance of the packages also enhances the efficiency ofthe light system.

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided amethod for providing a reflective coating to a substrate for alight-emitting device, comprising the steps of: providing a substratehaving a first surface portion with a first surface material and asecond surface portion with a second surface material different from thefirst surface material; applying a reflective compound configured toattach to the first surface material to form a bond with the substratein the first surface portion that is stronger than a bond between thereflective compound and the substrate in the second surface portion; atleast partly curing the reflective compound to form a reflective coatinghaving the bond between the reflective compound and the substrate in thefirst surface portion; and subjecting the substrate to a mechanicaltreatment with such an intensity as to remove the reflective coatingfrom at least a part of the second surface portion while the reflectivecoating remains on the first surface portion.

The present invention is based on the realization that the entiresubstrate may initially be covered with the reflective compound. Bycontrolling the bond between the surface portions of the substrate andthe reflective coating after at least partial curing, the reflectivecoating may be removed from the surface portions where it is desirableto have a clean and uncovered surface. Hereby, the reflective layer ispatterned in a self-developing way on to the desired surface portions ofthe substrate. Advantages with the present invention include, forexample, that the method for providing a reflective coating to desiredportions of the substrate may be executed in a convenient and less timeconsuming manner, as the need of, for example, a mask for protectingportions of the substrate may be reduced. Furthermore, this may improvethe reliability issues and contamination issues related to such maskprocessing. It also eliminates mask contamination and prevents spill inbetween the mask and the substrate, which can result in the coatingcovering parts of the substrate that needs to be uncovered.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method mayfurther comprise the step of soaking the substrate in a solvent prior tosubjecting the substrate to the mechanical treatment. An advantage is,for example, that the coating can be more easily removed from the secondsurface portion if exposed to soaking prior to the mechanical treatment.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reflectivecompound may comprise a sol-gel binder. The sol-gel binder has arelatively high thermal conductivity and provides a hard and scratchresistant coating on top of the substrate. Also, a sol-gel based bindercan be arranged to adhere better to the ceramic substrate of the firstsurface portion than to the metal of the second surface portion, whichfurther simplifies the removal of the coating from the second surfaceportion.

Moreover, the sol-gel binder may comprise an at least partly hydrolyzedsilane monomer. The monomer may be partially condensed to form dimers,trimers, or more general oligmers of higher molecular weight. Theseprecursor components are typically dissolved in a suitable solvent, butmay also, partly, form small nano-particulate species dispersed in thatsolvent. An additional catalyst, such as an acid, may be present tofacilitate hydrolysis and condensation. The monomer may further, forexample, be methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane,phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane ortetraethoxysilane. In general, alkylalkoxysilanes or alkoxysilanesand/or partly condensed or prepolymerized versions of these materials ormixtures of these materials are suitable as material candidates. Thesesilane monomers and pre-polymers are well known and are easy to provide.Furthermore, when the silane monomers are at least partly hydrolyzed,they form a silicate or alkylsilicate network after condensation. Such asilicate or alkylsilicate network has a material composition thatadheres better to the first surface portion of the substrate than to thesecond surface portion of the substrate.

A silicate or alkylsilicate network refers to a network in which eachsilicon atom shares three oxygen atoms with a neighboring silicon atom,except for the end groups of the network. The general structural formulaof such a silicate or alkylsilicate network is:

wherein “Si” is a silicon atom, “O” is an oxygen atom, and “R1”—“R10” isa hydrogen atom or an alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aryl or a phenyl group.Silicate or alkylsilicate networks are different from silicones and puresilica. Silicones consist of linear chains with a backbone of(—Si—O—Si—O—)_(n), and these materials are relatively flexiblematerials, with a relatively high thermal stability (typically 0.2 W m⁻¹K⁻¹) and a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion, the lattertypically in the range of 250-350 ppm K⁻¹. Pure silica consists of anetwork in which each silicon atom is linked to four oxygen atoms thatare shared with neighboring silicon atoms (except for the end groups),and layers made from this material are relatively glassy layers. Thesilicate or alkylsilicate networks are less dense than pure silica butmore dense than the silicones, allowing to manufacture a relative thickcoating layer (e.g. 50-100 μm) compared to pure silica but which isstill relatively brittle and not flexible like a layer made fromsilicone. The thermal conductivity of the silicate or alkylsilicatematerials are higher than that of silicones, typically about 1 W m ⁻¹K⁻¹, and the coefficient of thermal expansion is lower than that ofsilicone, typically in the range of 20-30 ppm K⁻¹. The latter matchesbetter with the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic supportand the metal wiring of an LED. A reflective coating comprising asilicate or alkylsilicate network is relatively brittle and thereforethe selective removal from that coating from the second surface portionof the substrate is enhanced since the reflective coating will breakrelatively easy at the edge of the first and the second surface portionof the substrate.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first surfacematerial may be a ceramic material. Such a ceramic material may, forexample, be aluminum oxide, Al₂O₃. An advantage is that such materialsmay have a high thermal conductivity, such as 20-30 W/mK for Al₂O₃,allowing heat, generated by a light-emitting device, to be transferredto, for example, a heat sink. By applying a reflector on the firstsurface portion of the substrate, the thermal conductivity may beoptimized disregarding the reflective properties. For example, aluminamay be sintered to a low porosity for enhancing thermal conductivity butsubstantially lowering its reflective properties. However, othermaterials may also be applicable for the first surface portion of thesubstrate, such as aluminum nitride, zirconia, zirconia toughenedalumina, silicon, aluminum, etc.

Furthermore, the second surface material may be a metal, such as gold. Ametal has a desirable electrical conductivity for electrically drivingthe light-emitting device. Also, a metal is desirable as it can bearranged to have a different bond to the reflective compound compared tothe ceramic material of the first surface portion. However, other metalsthan gold may be provided for the second surface portion, for example,copper or silver. These materials may be present as a thin surfacecoating, for example, the gold is typically applied as a thin layer ofsub-micron to a few micron thickness for cost saving, and is typicallycovering a cheaper thick copper layer, e.g. 10 to 100 micron thick. Anintermediate adhesion layer between both layers may be present, such asnickel to bond gold to copper.

Still further, the second surface portion may comprise connection padsfor electrical connection of a light-emitting device to the substrate.The electrical tracks on the surface may also be connected towards thebackside of the substrate through via holes in the substrate. Additionaltracks at the backside of the substrate than allow the soldering of thedevice at the rear side as a surface mountable device (SMD). Furthermorethere may be additional connection pads and tracks for attaching otherelectrical components used in the device, such as transient voltagesuppressors, resistors, rectifiers, inductors, capacitors, diodes,integrated circuits, photodiodes or other sensoric functions.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the bond betweenthe first surface portion and the reflective compound is a chemicalbond. An advantage is, at least, that a chemical bond can be controlledsuch that the reflective compound adheres better to the first surfaceportion than to the second surface portion. For example, the sol-gelbinder can interact with the alumina substrate to form the chemicalbond, while there is no such bond between the gold layer and the sol-gelbinder.

Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, thereflective compound may be applied by spraying. Hereby, the reflectivecompound may be provided to the substrate in a uniform and controlledmanner Alternative methods of deposition include other coating orprinting techniques, such as screen printing, curtain coating, spincoating, blade coating, dip coating, inkjet printing, stencil printing,offset printing, etc.

Moreover, the curing may be a thermal process. As an example, thethermal process may be executed between 10 to 50 minutes at a mildtemperature interval of 60° C. to 100° C., preferably between 20 to 40minutes at a temperature interval of 70° C. to 90° C., and morepreferably for 30 minutes at a temperature of 80° C. Final curing of thecoating may occur after detach of the reflective coating from at least apart of the second surface portion.

Furthermore, the mechanical treatment may have substantially the sameintensity in the first surface portion and in the second surfaceportion. Hereby, the removal of the reflective coating may be executedin a uniform manner, and thereby reduces the need of an individualtreatment of the second surface portion.

According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provideda substrate adapted to be provided with a light-emitting device,comprising: a carrier; a conductor pattern for electrically connecting alight-emitting device to the substrate; and a reflective coatingprovided on the substrate comprises pigment and a silicate network oralkylsilicate network, wherein the network is arranged to provide a bondbetween the reflective coating and the carrier, and wherein theconductor pattern is at least partly uncovered by the reflective coating

The light-emitting device is typically a solid state light emitter suchas a light- emitting diode (LED), a laser diode (LD) or a verticalcavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL). The light-emitting device, suchas an LED may omit colored light, such as blue, green, red, yellow oramber, or may even omit UV-light or IR-light. The LED chip as well asthe substrate may be covered with a phosphor layer to convert typicallyUV or blue light to other colors, or even to mixed white light. Thereflector than serves the function to enhance light extraction andreduce light loss of the light generated by the LED dies as well as thephosphor.

The light emitting device may refer to a chip or die element that isbonded to the contact areas of the substrate with suitable bondingtechniques. Alternatively the light emitting device may also refer to apackaged LED component, typically consisting of an LED die attached to acarrier substrate, with optional further packaging with a phosphor layerand as light extraction layer such as a dome. This carrier substrate maybe a ceramic, or may be silicon, a PCB or a metal core PCB. The carriersubstrate has bonding pad connections to electrically connect the deviceto the second surface portion of the substrate.

Furthermore, the reflective coating may be provided between the carrierand the conductor pattern. Hereby, the reflective coating may beprovided to the carrier prior to applying the conductor pattern. Theconductor pattern enables the light-emitting device to be electricallyconnected to the substrate in a desired manner

According to an embodiment, the bond between the reflective coating andthe carrier is a chemical bond.

The substrate according to the various embodiments may preferably beprovided as a component of a light-output device further comprising atleast one light-emitting device mounted on the substrate.

Furthermore, the light-emitting device may comprise at least one lightemitting diode chip.

Effects and features of this second aspect are largely analogous tothose described in relation to the above mentioned first aspect of thepresent invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other aspects of the present invention will now be describedin more detail, with reference to the appended drawings showing exampleembodiments of the invention, wherein:

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a light-outputdevice according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow-chart schematically illustrating an embodiment of themethod for providing a reflective coating to a substrate according tothe present invention;

FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a substrate havingconnection pads arranged thereto;

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the embodiment of FIG. 3 having areflective compound applied thereto; and

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the embodiment of FIG. 4, wherein thereflective coating has been removed from the connection pads.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

In the following description, the present invention is described withreference to a method for providing a reflective coating to a ceramicsubstrate for a light emitting device. A reflective compound is providedon top of a substrate having metallic connection pads for electricallyconnecting a light-emitting device thereto. The reflective compound isexposed to a curing process and thereafter removed from the connectionpads of the substrate. The following will also describe the substrateprovided by the method.

It should be noted that this by no means limits the scope of the presentinvention, which is equally applicable with other substrate materials,such as, aluminum nitride, silicon, aluminum, etc. In the case of ametal substrate, such as aluminum, a dielectric layer can be formedbetween the substrate and the metal tracks to electrically shield themetal electrodes from the conductive substrate. Also, the metallicconnection pads and the metal tracks do not necessarily have to be builtup by three layers of different metallic materials; the invention isequally applicable with only a single or dual layer of material or mayinclude even more layers.

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a wafer 100 comprising a plurality oflight- output devices 102, where each light-output device 102 has asubstrate 104, metallic connection pads 106 and metal tracks 108. Thewafer may be squared but may also come in other shapes, such rectangularor round. In more detail, each light-output device 102 comprises asubstrate 104 having on its upper surface 110 the metallic connectionpads 106 and metal tracks 108 for electrically driving a light-emittingdevice 112, which is arranged onto the metallic connection pads 106 ofthe substrate. The area/space between the light emitting device 112 andthe upper surface 110 may be filled-up with a filler material to supportthe device 112. The filler may be the reflective coating 114 or coverthe reflective coating 114. The substrate 104 is, in the describedembodiment, of a ceramic material, such as aluminum oxide, Al₂O₃. Thesubstrate 104 has a desired thermal conductivity and can therefore actas a heat spreader for conducting away the heat generated by thelight-emitting device (typically one or several light-emittingdiodes—LEDs). Furthermore, on a first surface portion 116 of thesubstrate 104, which is not provided with metallic connection pads 106and metal tracks 108, there is provided a reflective coating 114 whichis arranged to reflect the light emitted by the light-emitting device112 thereon. Moreover, the reflective coating 114 comprises, in theillustrated embodiment, pigments, a binder and additional fillers. Thepigments are arranged to provide a desired reflective characteristic ofthe coating and are in the illustrated embodiment of a titanium dioxidematerial, having a particle size distribution in the range between100-1000 nm. The pigment gives rise to scattering in the coating. Byoptimizing the amount of pigment with respect to the binder andselecting pigments and binders with large refractive index differences,a highly scatter, hence reflective coating may be realized ifappropriate coating thickness is used. The amount of reflectance may betuned. It is typically desirable to achieve a high reflectivity, such toachieve a reflectance higher than 80%, preferably higher than 90%, morepreferably higher than 95%. A typical layer thickness for the reflectivecoating ranges from about 1 micron to about 100 micron. A thicker layertypically leads to a higher reflectance. The binder of the reflectivecompound is arranged to provide a chemical bond between the coating 114and the first surface portion 116, such that the coating 114 adhere tothe first surface portion 116 in a desired manner. The binder is, in theillustrated embodiment, preferably a sol-gel based binder, derived froma silane monomer. The monomers are at least partly hydrolyzed prior tobeing provided to the substrate. Typical silane monomers may, forexample, be methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane,tetraethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane or alkylalkoxysilanes, etc.Still further, typical additional filler may, for example, be silicondioxide particles, alumina particles or titanium dioxide particles inthe size of approximately 5-100 nm, which are arranged to reduceshrinkage of the coating 114 in a curing phase which will be furtherdescribed below in relation to the method for providing the coating tothe substrate 104.

An example embodiment of the method according to the present inventionfor providing the reflective coating to the substrate will now bedescribed with reference to FIG. 2, illustrating a flow-chart of themethod. It should be noted that the method is described without alight-emitting device 112 arranged onto the metallic connection pads106. This should, however, not be interpreted as limiting the scope ofthe application, which may also be applicable with a light-emittingdevice 112 arranged onto the metallic connection pads 106 in connectionto the first step 201 of the method.

According to the first step 201 of the method, the metallic connectionpads 106 and metal tracks 108 are arranged on the top surface 110 of thesubstrate 104, which is illustrated in detail by FIG. 3. Furthermore,the metallic connection pads 106 and the metal tracks 108 are, in theillustrated embodiment, built up by a copper layer 201 coated with anickel layer 202 and a gold layer 203, where the gold layer 203 isprovided on the top surface 110 of the metallic connection pads 106 andmetal tracks 108, for electrically driving a light-emitting device 112arranged thereto as illustrated in FIG. 1. Alternatively, the gold layermay also cover the copper conformably, hence also covering the sidefaces of the metallic connection pads 106 and the metal tracks 108.

Now referring to the second step 202 of the method, also illustrated inFIG. 4. A reflective compound 401 is provided on the top surface 110 ofthe substrate 104, including on the metallic connection pads 106 and themetal tracks 108. The reflective compound 401 may be provided by, forexample, spray coating the substrate 104 at a predetermined speed, inthe illustrated embodiment at, for instance, a speed of 10 mm/s. Thesubstrate 104, the metallic connection pads 106 and the metal tracks 108are thus, after the second step 202, at least partly covered with thereflective compound 401. The reflective compound comprises pigments, abinder and additional filler as described in relation to FIG. 1. Also,the reflective compound 401 further comprises a solvent, for example,water or other solvents such as ethanol, isopropanol or butanol. Thespray layer may be applied on the total substrate area, but may also beapplied on only a part of the substrate area. After the coating, thesubstrate is dried to remove at least a part of the solvents.

Thereafter, at the third step 203, the reflective compound 401 is atleast partially cured at a predetermined temperature during apredetermined time, forming a reflective coating 114 on the substrate104, the metallic connection pads 106 and the metal tracks 108. The atleast partial curing is, in the illustrated embodiment, a thermalprocess where the compound 401 is heated in 30 minutes at a temperatureof approximately 80° C. When being exposed to the curing phase, thesilane monomers or pre-polymers of the sol-gel binder will react to asilicate network or an alkylsilicate network, forming a cross linking ofthe binder. Preferably, the sol-gel binder forms a methylsilicatenetwork, which may adhere in a desired manner to the ceramic substrateof the first surface portion 116 of the substrate, but may adhere lessto the top surface 203 of the metallic connection pads 106 and the metaltracks 108. This is accomplished since a chemical bond between thesol-gel binder and the alumina substrate is formed. However, adifference in surface roughness can also provide the reflective coatingto adhere better to the ceramic substrate than to the metallicconnection pads 106 and the metal tracks 108. For example, the ceramicsubstrate can be relatively rough to provide an area for anchoring ofthe reflective coating, while the metallic connection pads 106 and themetal tracks 108 have a less roughened surface. Furthermore, the sol-gelbinder may be configured such that it adheres in a desired manner to thecopper 201 and nickel 202 materials of the metallic connection pads 106and the metal tracks 108 as well. Still further, according to anembodiment, the reflective coating 114 may have a composition comprisingbetween 10-60 v % pigments with the remaining part formed by the binder.

Optionally, an additional filler may be present, such as in between 0-30v %. For example, the composition may be 20 v % nano-SiO₂, 30 v %methylsilicate binder and 50 v % TiO₂. The coating may also includepores, not represented in the mentioned volume percentage, which canalso contribute to the scattering. Moreover, if it is desired toincrease the thickness of the reflective coating 114, such as to enhancereflectance or surface uniformity or surface planarity, the first 201,second 202 and third 203 steps described above may be repeated until asatisfactory amount of reflective coating 114 is applied to thesubstrate 104.

After curing the compound, i.e. after the third step 203 of the method,the substrate is exposed to a soaking phase, i.e. the fourth step 204 ofFIG. 2. The substrate 104 is thus exposed to a solvent, for example,water and/or acetone, which may further reduce the bond between thereflective coating 114, and the metallic connection pads 106 and themetal tracks 108. The solvent may contain an etchant for the metal pads,such as an acid, to facilitate coating release.

Now referring to FIG. 5, illustrating the fifth step 205 of the method,i.e. the removal of the reflective coating 114 from the metallicconnection pads 106 and the metal tracks 108. At this stage, thesubstrate 104 is exposed to a mechanical treatment, such as a fluidspray pressure, which removes the reflective coating 114 from themetallic connection pads 106 as well as from the metal tracks 108.However, due to the chemical bond between the sol-gel binder of thereflective coating 114 and the ceramic substrate 104, as describedabove, the reflective coating 114 is not removed from the ceramicsubstrate 104 when being subjected to the mechanical treatment. Hence,as is illustrated in FIG. 5, the ceramic substrate 104 is coated withthe reflective coating 114 while the metallic connection pads 106 andthe metal tracks 108 have a “clean” surface for providing a desiredelectrical connection to a light-emitting device 112 connected thereto.

According to an embodiment of the invention, and in order to furtherincrease the reflectivity of the substrate 110, the metal tracks 108 mayalso be provided with the reflective coating 114 after the fifth step205 of the method. In such a case, at least part of the metal tracks108, which are not to be in connection to the light-emitting device 112after assembly, may be provided with an adhesion promoter prior toapplying the reflective compound 401 as illustrated in the second step202 of the method as well as in FIG. 4. A way to achieve this is topre-pattern the substrate with a pattern made in a photo-resist layer.The photo-resist layer is covering the areas that should not be coveredwith the adhesion promoting layer. Subsequently, the adhesion promotinglayer is applied, for example, by dipping the substrate in a bathcontaining the adhesion promoter dissolved in a solvent. The adhesionpromoter may for instance be 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, fromwhich the mercapto group reacts with e.g. gold, and the methoxy groupscan be chemically linked to the silicate or alkylsilicate network.Hereby, the chemical bond between the metal tracks 108 and thereflective coating 114 may be increased in order to sustain the fourth204 and fifth step 205 as described above, in the same manner as thefirst surface portion 116.

Additionally, variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understoodand effected by the skilled person in practicing the claimed invention,from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims.For example, the pigment used in the reflective coating may, instead oftitanium dioxide of either rutile TiO₂ or anatase TiO₂ type, be one ofalumina, zirconia, hafnium oxide, yttrium oxide or tantalum oxide,barium titanate, strontium titanate, or a mix of such pigments etc.Moreover, the adhesion promoter applied to the metal tracks may furtheralso comprise, for example, a dipping procedure or a strippingprocedure. Still further, the mechanical treatment for removing thereflective coating from the metallic connection pads may also comprisebrushing, grinding, jetting, or ultrasonic, megasonic etc. To furtherfacilitate the removal of the coating from the metal tracks the surfacemay be pre-treated with a release layer. The release layer may beremoved after coating release to achieve a reliable contact area for thelight emitting device. The release layer may be a thin layer, such as aself-assembled monolayer of functionalized thiols. The thiol groups areknown to adhere to gold, the functional group may provide non-stickproperties. The release layer may be removed afterwards, by forinstance, an oxygen plasma treatment. The release layer may also be asuitable photo-resist or other release layer provide on the metaltracks.

Also, the material composition of the reflective coating may have acomposition comprising a variation of: 10-90 v % cured sol-gel, 10-60 v% titanium dioxide pigment filler and 0-40 v % nano-silicon dioxidefiller. More preferably, the composition is 20-50 v % binder, 30-50 v %pigment and 10-20 v % nano filler.

Furthermore, a photo-resist pattern may cover the metal tracks and themetallic connection pads at the areas that are to be covered by thereflective coating. The areas that are not to be covered with thereflective coating may then be treated with a releasing layer thatreduces the adhesion. After removal of the photo-resist the coatingprocess is performed resulting in coating release from the pre-patternedrelease layer only. Still further, the substrate carrier may also be aprinted circuit board or a laminate, e.g. a multi-layer printed circuitboard. Thus, the carrier may consist of multiple layers, and thesubstrate surface does not necessarily have to consist of only onematerial type but may also be covered with various materials.

Moreover, other substances than water or acetone may be used in thesoaking phase for enabling a simplified removal of the reflectivecoating, for example, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate,ethanol, isopropanol or other alcohols etc.

In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements orsteps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude aplurality. A single processor or other unit may fulfill the functions ofseveral items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measuresare recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicatethat a combination of these measured cannot be used to advantage.

1. A substrate adapted to be provided with a light-emitting device,comprising: a carrier; a conductor pattern for electrically connecting alight-emitting device to the substrate; and a reflective coatingprovided on said substrate and comprising pigment and a silicate oralkylsilicate network, wherein said network is arranged to provide abond between said reflective coating and said carrier, wherein saidconductor pattern is at least partly un-covered by the reflectivecoating.
 2. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein said reflectivecoating is provided between said carrier and said conductor pattern. 3.The substrate according to claim 1, wherein said bond is a chemicalbond.
 4. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein the substratecomprises a ceramic surface to which said network adheres.
 5. Alight-output device comprising: a substrate according to claim 1, and atleast one light-emitting device mounted on said substrate.
 6. Thelight-output device according to claim 4, wherein said light-emittingdevice comprises at least one light-emitting diode chip.